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Past studies have also demonstrated a cause-and-effect relationship between circumcision and HIV risk. three randomized-control trials, were examined, in sub-Saharan Africa, where the circumcision rate is relatively low and the HIV infection rate is relatively high. Results form all three studies demonstrated a more than 40 percent reduction in HIV acquisition among circumcised men. These result coupled with past research has lead some researchers and health activists to argue "The study β The Effects of Circumcision on the Penis Microbiome β could lead to new non-surgical HIV preventative strategies for the estimated 70 percent of men worldwide (more than 2 billion) who, because of religious or cultural beliefs, or logistic or financial barriers, are not likely to become circumcised." several mechanisms have been proposed for how circumcision reduces HIV acquisition in men: * Circumcision reduces the amount of mucosal tissue exposed to vaginal secretions during heterosexual intercourse and thus may reduce the potential interactions between the virus and its target immune cells. * Circumcision results in a process called keratinization, whereby the top layer of the inner foreskin becomes thicker, which may provide additional protection for the underlying target immune cells. * Circumcision-associated physiological changes of the penis β including lower moisture and oxygen availability around the head of the penis β may reduce the number of pro-inflammatory anaerobic bacteria that could make the target immune cells more vulnerable to HIV infection. Circumcision remains a controversial procedure that has ardent proponents and opponents. Those who favor circumcision point to many studies demonstrating lower risk for sexually transmitted diseases associated with circumcision. Those who oppose circumcision point to the potential dangers of the procedure itself as well as cultural concerns. what is your view? should circumcision be mandated as a means to prevent the spread of HIV? Leave Comment:
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